Your vibrancy and coverage will improve.Īlways remember this rule: It’s hard to press hard from far away. (see my article on Long Point sharpeners here) Choose smoother paper, get out of writing position, don’t stop too early, and keep your pencil sharp. You can sharpen all day in a shallow sharpener and never get a point small enough to get down into the tooth. Pointy pencils are essential to smooth, even, and vibrant pencil layers.Īnd by dull pencils, I’m including those silly shallow point sharpeners that give you short, stubby pencil points. Dull points don’t break as easily, right? But dull points are too fat to get down into all the tiny nooks and crannies of the paper tooth. People try to outsmart the pencil by using a dull point. Hey, pull your grip back from the point of the pencil! Color from coloring position! 4. Intuitively, choking up on the pencil feels like it might be the best way to force color down into the white spots.īut then your pencil lead breaks, so you stop sharpening as much… but then your coloring looks grainier… so you need more muscle… There’s a nasty Catch-22 in colored pencil: You see grainy coloring so you shift your hand into writing position. Here’s the link if you missed it read tip #1. We talked about writing position in part one of this article. Pssstttt… are you in writing position again? It takes time and layers and time and layers and time and layers…Ĭolored pencil always takes more layers than you think it will.īut what if you’re doing lots of layers on smooth paper and yet you’re STILL getting graininess. I teach a colored pencil course and the number one thing I say during project feedback is “looks great but you need a few more layers!”Ĭolored pencil is a slow medium. But in general, smoother papers leave fewer holes. Hot and cold press are manufacturing processes, not tooth measurement. Switch to a smoother, less-toothy paper to minimize graininess. If you’re using cold press paper with colored pencils, you’ll get more gritty white spots because of the paper texture. Historical Biology, published online Jdoi: 10.1080/ are 4 reasons coloring looks grainy or pale: 1. Tessellated calcified cartilage and placoid scales of the Neogene megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae), offer new insights into its biology and the evolution of regional endothermy and gigantism in the otodontid clade. The findings were published in the journal Historical Biology. “ Otodus megalodon must have swallowed large pieces of food, so it is quite possible that the fossil shark achieved the gigantism to invest its endothermic metabolism to promote visceral food processing.” “It suddenly made perfect sense,” Professor Shimada said. Upon reviewing the literature, the authors noticed another possible function of endothermic body physiology that had been neglected in the biological context of Otodus megalodon - i.e., facilitating digestion as well as absorbing and processing nutrients. The new study also leads to a new paradox: although strong support for the presence of regional endothermy in Otodus megalodon exists based on a recent study, the question was how the fossil shark expended the high level of metabolic heat resulting from its warm-bloodedness without being an active swimmer. “This led my research team to consider Otodus megalodon to be an ‘average swimmer’ with occasional bursts of faster swimming for prey capture,” Professor Shimada said. In their study, Professor Shimada and colleagues examined placoid scales found in the rock matrix surrounding a previously described associated tooth set of Otodus megalodon from the Late Miocene of Japan.
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